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Hi @campfire,
Most has been said above, but here are my two bits.I had played on a single classical guitar for more than 25 years, until I started with acoustic (and electric) guitars about 10 years ago.
Classical guitar
More mellow sound.
The strings are further apart, which is nice for my stubby fingers.
Only 12 frets outside the guitar body, so playing on very high frets can be a problem.
If you fingerpick, the nylon strings will be gentler on the nails of your picking hand.
Nylon strings stretch, the more the thinner the string is – expect a week of tuning before a new set of strings has settled fully in.Acoustic guitar
Brighter and louder sound.
Strings are closer together, which means that some chords are easier, some are more difficult.
Normally 14 frets outside the guitar body, maybe even with a cutaway, so access to the higher frets is easier.
Sound better when flatpicked.
Steel strings settle pretty quickly, typically within hours.You can definitely switch between a classical and an acoustic guitar.
I do it all the time 😀